©2003 by Michael Anissimov
Below is a list of scientists and futurists who have explicitly
expressed concern or interest in the potential of a "Singularity",
the technological creation of greater-than-human intelligence. Surface
comments such as "it would be nice if we could someday enhance
our intelligence" would not qualify a person for this list. These
are individuals who understand the definition of the Singularity, work
in related areas, mention it occasionally (or often) in their writings,
and so on. Although a few of the people on this list do not believe
in the possibility of an abrupt Singularity, or that a Singularity
would be a positive thing, many do.
Press articles once attempted to tap into the mystique
of the Singularity by presenting it as a taboo topic discussed hushedly
by the elites of science and technology. Now, it's a taboo topic discussed
openly by the elites of science and technology (and a whole lot
of interested laypeople, as well), and much of the mystique is gone!
But don't expect journalists to drop that angle in the years to come;
the Singularity is simply too complicated and controversial a concept
to be presented honestly and straightforwardly by the media.
The format of the list entries will be as follows:
1. Name
2. Qualifications
3. Link to site - Number of hits for name on Google
The Google results were added as a loose guide for the
"popularity" or "recognition" of a given person.
Names are ordered by the number of results. I'm not trying to say that
it's necessarily good for the proponents of the Singularity to be popular
- some of the people with the most valuable insights regarding the Singularity
are near the middle or the bottom of the list. In some cases, people
possess common names, so we ran searches with a keyword reasonably likely
to isolate the person we were trying to gauge the popularity of. (I.e.,
"James Hughes" ended up generating a lot of extraneous results,
so we searched for "James Hughes", "technology"
instead.)
Part of the reason there are so many well-known people
from such diverse fields participating in discussion of the Singularity
is that the Singularity is a profoundly interdisciplinary and convergent
concept - acceleration has been taking place in nearly every scientific
and technological discipline since their founding, and people are noticing.
Although the actual event of the Singularity will begin with a concrete
invention, many see this invention as the culmination of a process that
has been taking place since the beginnings of life, or even the beginnings
of the universe, making the Singularity an extremely inclusive topic.
Interesting facts: out of the 54 people currently on this
list, 29 have published books, along with at least 30 who hold Ph.Ds.
Over a dozen have owned businesses with over 20 employees, and several
are world-renowned pioneers in the fields of computing, physics, nanotechnology,
or AI. 13 have directed or currently direct non-profit organizations.
The people on this list have appeared in articles in the New York Times,
Popular Mechanics, New Scientist, the Wall Street Journal, and on PBS,
CNN, BBC, and so on. The members of this list were not selectively chosen
with popularity in mind.
In an interview, Singularity expert Eliezer Yudkowsky
breaks down the number of people concerned with the Singularity; "In
terms of total commitment, I would say at least two, but probably less
than a dozen. In terms of being interested enough to put forth major
efforts, I would say at least ten and less than a hundred. In terms
of being interested enough to make minor efforts, I would say at least
fifty and less than a thousand. In terms of talking about it, I would
say at least hundreds and less than a million. In terms of having heard
of the Singularity and thinking vaguely that it might be a good thing,
it could be millions - who knows?"
The small concern here is that many of the people on this list see the
Singularity as something important, something very interesting, but
might not view it as something concrete that needs accomplishing
- a humanitarian challenge. They might care about the Singularity (as
the title of this page suggests), but "care" in the sense
of anticipating a big historical event, rather than a better state they
personally want to move the world towards. Considering the possible
benefits of benevolent superintelligence side by side with the possible
risks of human-indifferent superintelligence, this sitation is less
than ideal.
Enjoy this list - perhaps some of the names will surprise
you.
Arthur C. Clarke
Futurist, visionary, author of 2001: A Space Odyssey and Profiles
of the Future
www.lsi.usp.br/~rbianchi/clarke/
225,000 results
John Robb
Former President and CEO of Userland Software
http://jrobb.mindplex.org/
70,900 results
Bill Joy
Software pioneer, formerly Chief Scientist at Sun Microsystems
http://www.sun.com/aboutsun/media/ceo/mgt_joy.html/
69,900 results
John von Neumann, Ph.D
Computing pioneer, information theorist, theoretical physicist, decision
theorist
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html
66,400 results
Stanislaw Lem
Science fiction author, philosopher
http://www.cyberiad.info/english/main.htm
50,100 results
Freeman Dyson, Ph.D
Former professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
http://www.sns.ias.edu/~dyson/
30,700 results
Marvin Minsky, Ph.D
Professor of Computer Science at MIT, author of Society of Mind
http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/
30,500 results
Ray Kurzweil, Ph.D
Entrepreneur, futurist, author of The Age of Spiritual Machines
and the forthcoming The Singularity is Near
http://www.kurzweiltech.com/
28,100 results
Vernor Vinge, Ph.D
Professor of Mathematics at San Diego University, author of A Deepness
in the Sky
http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~phoenix/vinge
27,700 results
William Calvin, Ph.D
Professor of Neurobiology at Washington University, author of A Brain
for All Seasons
http://williamcalvin.com/index.html
20,900 results
K. Eric Drexler, Ph.D
Father of nanotechnology, author of Engines of Creation and Nanosystems
http://www.foresight.org/FI/Drexler.html
20,600 results
Sir Martin Rees
Professor of Astronomy and Cosmology, author of Our Final Hour
http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/IoA/staff/mjr/
16,300 results
Douglas Engelbart, Ph.D
Computing pioneer, inventor of the mouse, professor of Computer Science
http://www.bootstrap.org/
15,800 results
Jaron Lanier
Software pioneer, Chief Scientist of Eyematic Interfaces, Inc.
http://www.well.com/user/jaron/
14,500 results
Ben Goertzel, Ph.D
Professor of Mathematics, AGI researcher, entrepreneur, author
http://www.goertzel.org/
14,400 results
Eliezer S. Yudkowsky
AGI researcher, Research Fellow of the Singularity Institute for Artificial
Intelligence
http://yudkowsky.net/
14,200 results
Greg Egan
Science fiction author, computer programmer
http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/
13,600 results
Max More, Ph.D
Professor of Philosophy, Chairman of the Extropy Institute, business
consultant, futurist
http://www.maxmore.com/
12,600 results
Hans Moravec, Ph.D
Roboticist at Carnegie Mellon University, author of Mind Children
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/
12,200 results
Eugen Leitl
Chemist, transhumanist writer and speaker
http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~ui22204/.html/eleitl-cv.html
11,500 results
Anders Sandberg, Ph.D
Professor of Computer Science, neurobiologist, transhumanist writer
and speaker
http://www.nada.kth.se/~asa/cv.html
10,200 results
Damien Broderick, Ph.D
Futurist, author of The Last Mortal Generation and The Spike
http://www.panterraweb.com/the_spike.htm
9,840 results
Peter Voss
AGI researcher, entrepreneur
http://www.optimal.org/peter/peter.htm
9,400 results
Stephen Hawkings, Ph.D
Theoretical physicist, author of A Brief History of Time
http://www.hawking.org.uk/
9,270 results
Gregory Stock, Ph.D
UCLA bioethicist, author of Metaman and Redesigning Humans
http://research.mednet.ucla.edu/pmts/Stock.htm
8,880 results
John Smart
Systems theorist, futurist, author of SingularityWatch.com
http://www.singularitywatch.com/bio_johnsmart.html
8,460 results
Hal Finney
Futurist, engineer, cryptographer
http://www.finney.org/~hal/
7,120 results
Samantha Atkins
Software architect
http://www.singinst.org/comments/statements.html
5,920 results
Robin Hanson, Ph.D
Professor of Economics at George Mason University
http://hanson.gmu.edu/
5,810 results
Bart Kosko, Ph.D
Professor of Electrical Engineering, author of Heaven in a Chip
http://sipi.usc.edu/~kosko/
5,580 results
Christopher Phoenix
Director of Research, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
http://xenophilia.org/
4,790 results
Christine Peterson
President of the Foresight Institute, nanotechnology speaker and writer
http://www.foresight.org/FI/Peterson.html
4,630 results
Nick Bostrom, Ph.D
Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University
http://www.nickbostrom.com/
4,620 results
Frank Tipler, Ph.D
Professor of Mathematics at Tulane University, author of The Physics
of Immortality
http://www.math.tulane.edu/~tipler/
4,410 results
James Hughes, Ph.D
Director of the World Transhumanist Association, author of the forthcoming
Cyborg Democracy
http://www.changesurfer.com/Hughes.html
4,200 results
Hugo de Garis, Ph.D
AI researcher, neural network pioneer, futurist, author
http://www.cs.usu.edu/~degaris/
3,440 results
Francis Heylighen, Ph.D
Research professor, author of the Principia Cybernetica Project
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/HEYL.html
3,340 results
I.J. Good, Ph.D
Computing pioneer, probability theorist, polymath, author, futurist
http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Good.html
2,970 results
Alex J. Champandard
Programmer, AI researcher, webmaster of AIDepot.com
http://ai-depot.com
2,790 results
Brian Atkins
Venture capitalist, Director of the Singularity Institute for Artificial
Intelligence
http://www.posthuman.com
2,580 results
Pei Wang, Ph.D
Professor of Computer Science, AGI researcher
http://www.cis.temple.edu/~pwang/
2,260 results
Natasha Vita-More
President of the Extropy Institute, transhumanist writer, artist
http://www.natasha.cc/
2,240 results
Bruce J. Klein
Life extension activist, founder of the Immortality Institute for Infinite
Lifespans
http://imminst.org
1,600 results
J. Storrs Hall, Ph.D
Professor of Computer Science, nanotechnology pioneer
http://www.imm.org/HallCV.html
1,490 results
Michael Anissimov
Advocacy Director of the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence,
primary writer for this website
http://www.acceleratingfuture.com/michael
1,200 results
Mike Treder
Executive Director, Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/bio0219.html
1,030 results
Stephen Reed, Ph.D
Professor of Computer Science, AI researcher for Cycorp
http://www.sl4.org/archive/0205/3754.html
919 results
Joseph N. Pelton, Ph.D
Professor for the Institute for Applied Space Research
http://www.clarkeinstitute.com/lecture8.html
770 results
Gordon Worley
Programmer, Singularity advocate, transhumanist
http://homepage.mac.com/redbird/
1,240 results
James N. Gardner
Complexity theorist, science essayist, cosmologist, author of The
Selfish Biocosm Hypothesis
http://www.biocosm.org/
583 results
Mike LaTorra
Director of the World Transhumanist Association, teacher, author of
The Modern Tao
http://www.transhumanism.org/speakersbureau.htm#LaTorra
906 results
Lyle Burkhead
Nanotechnology critic, futurist
http://www.geniebusters.org/
216 results
Phil Bowermaster
IT and Telecommunications company manager, blogger
http://www.speculist.com/
618 results