The Word “Singularity” Has Lost All Meaning Friday, Jul 13 2007
singularity 12:42 pm
Yes, it’s come to that point. The word “Singularity” has been losing meaning for a while now, but whatever semblance of a unified or coherent definition there ever used to be, it has long faded away over the horizon. Rather than any single idea, Singularity has become a signifier used to refer to a general cluster of ideas, some interrelated; some, blatantly not. These ideas include: exponential growth, transhuman intelligence, mind uploading, singletons, popularity of the Internet, feasibility of life extension, some developmentally predetermined “next step in human evolution”, feasibility of strong AI, feasibility of advanced nanotechnology, some odd spiritual-esque transcension, and whether or not human development is primarily dictated by technological or social forces. Quite frankly, it’s a mess.
Anytime someone gets up in front of an audience and starts trying to talk about the “Singularity” without carefully defining exactly what they mean and don’t mean, each audience member will be thinking of an entirely different set of concepts, draw their own opinions from that unique set, and interpret further things they hear in light of that particular opinion, which may not even based on the same premises as the person sitting next to them. For an audience of 50 people, you could very well have 50 unique idea sets that each listener personally thinks represents the Singularity. For such challenging and sometimes confusing topics, clarity and specificity is a necessity, so we might as well discard the overused “Singularity” word, and talk about what we actually mean using more specific terms. It helps keep things distinct from one another.
Even more confusing is that there are technologies, and then there are plausible or possible consequences from the technologies - two things which are very distinct. Both lines of inquiry can cause heated argument, even when everything is perfectly delineated! But the delineation is still important, so after the argument is over, you actually know what you were arguing about. Below, I’m going to slice up various concepts associated with the term “Singularity” into ideas that can actually be examined individually:
1) Exponential growth: it sure looks like technological progress is accelerating to me, and on many objective metrics, it is, but maybe some others disagree. But guess what: whether or not progress is accelerating is largely irrelevant to the feasibility of mind uploading, cryonics, or superintelligence. It may influence timeframes, but not feasibility in the abstract sense. When acceleration skeptics say: “technological progress is not accelerating, therefore, all this other transhumanist stuff is impossible” - they’re kinda missing the point - if a given technology is feasible, it is likely to be invented eventually unless globally suppressed, but the question of when is entirely separate. In principle, transhuman intelligence could be created during a time of accelerating progress, or constant progress, or even stagnation. This was mentioned at the last Singularity Summit.
2) Radical life extension: again, radical life extension (people living to 100, 200, 300, and beyond) seems very plausible to me, and I believe that we are going to be experiencing this ourselves in our lifetimes, unless an existential disaster occurs. A Berkeley demographer found that maximum lifespan of human beings is increasing at an accelerating rate. However, life extension has very little, if anything, to do with the Singularity, other than that the Singularity is sometimes associated with technological progress and that technological progress may result in radically extended lifespans. This is somewhat like how house mice are somewhat associated with raccoons because both live in areas dense with human populations.
3) Mind uploading: in his “Rapture of the Geeks” article, which I’m not even going to link, Cory Doctorow made the mistake of thinking that the “Singularity” was all about the feasibility of mind uploading and Singularity activists’ primary goal is to upload everyone into a computer simulation. This is confusion caused by not looking hard enough - you’re busy, you have to go protest copyright law or whatever, have to go to a meeting, blah blah blah, so you just read a few web pages that give you a totally skewed view of what you’re trying to criticize, and come to the conclusion that “Singularity” = mind uploading. You hope to get away with it because you realize this is cutting edge stuff and most people don’t know the difference between an uploaded superintelligence or a de novo superintelligence, for instance, so you just go for it. Bad idea. Mind uploading and the Singularity (my definition: transhuman intelligence) are totally different things. Transhuman intelligence might lead to uploading, but they’re not equivalent.
4) Feasibility of strong AI: this is rightly closely associated with the Singularity, but it’s still not the same thing. You can be a refusenik of strong AI and still advocate intelligence enhancement. You can want to die at age 80, believe that progress is not accelerating, and that pro-mind uploading people are crazy, and still advocate “the Singularity”, because the Singularity is supposed to mean intelligence enhancement: that’s it! Feasibility of strong AI is more closely related to the Singularity than the above topics, because there is a large group of Singularity activists (aka Singularitarians, spell it right), trying to build strong AI… but, if you’re anti-strong-AI and think that means you’re anti-Singularity, you should think again, and recognize that the Singularity and strong AI are not the same thing. You can have a Singularity with enhanced human intelligence, no AI involved at all. It’s just that many Singularity activists think that AI is the easiest way to achieve intelligence enhancement - the Singularity. We could change our mind with significant persuasion - we chose AI because it looks like the easiest and safest path, not because we have some special AI-fetish. It’s a means to an end, and that’s all.
5) Transhuman intelligence: what “the Singularity” has always supposed to mean, but has gotten radically, radically diluted as of late. Complicating matters is that many people have different views of what transhuman intelligence is supposed to be, so even if we shave it down to just this, there is still confusion. Let me put it this way: transhuman intelligence is not a specific thing, it’s a space of possible things, encompassing human intelligence enhancement through drugs, gene therapy, brain-computer interfacing, brain-brain interfacing, and maybe other techniques we haven’t even considered. It also encompasses AI, but not present-day human networking or the Internet - these are simply new ways of arranging human-level intelligence. (Legos can’t be made into brick-and-mortar buildings, no matter how you configure them.) To me, transhuman intelligence is completely inevitable in the long run - it will be developed, the question is how, who, and when.
So, five different things. Unrelated, but frequently conflated. If you want to critique or support something, focus on that specific thing: don’t confuse yourself and others by smearing them all together! And if you’re planning on attending the next Singularity Summit in San Francisco, and aren’t already thoroughly familiar with the ideas surrounding the Singularity, I suggest you sit near me, so I can translate, because I doubt most of the speakers will have a very coherent or well-defined view of the Singularity either. Stewart Brand, for instance, says, “The Singularity is a frightening prospect for humanity. I assume that we will somehow dodge or finesse it in reality” - but what does he actually mean? It’s so incredibly difficult to tell. I’m not picking on Brand specifically here, just repeating my original point in this post: that for every 50 people, you may very well have 50 completely different conceptions of what the Singularity is.
59 Responses to “The Word “Singularity” Has Lost All Meaning”
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July 13th, 2007 at 1:32 pm
For once I think I agree with you pretty strongly here (lol!) — especially in the realm of how life extension doesn’t properly belong in the category of “Singularity”. I think perhaps this vagueness contributes to the accusations of Singularitarianism being more a faith than an actual scientifically-based perspective.
Oddly, it occurs to me that this is in a way yet another argument for the potential gain from I/O BMI. Increased communication bandwidth would relegate linguistic complications to the wayside of the future’s superhighway, y’know? (Semi-offtopic, I know.) We can’t conflate that with being the spark of the singularity either, though — and hence why I agree with you. :)
July 13th, 2007 at 1:52 pm
Good article. Definitely clear from discussions online and offline that the Singularity is a confused and misunderstood term. This is exactly the case with various terms in nanotechnology.
July 13th, 2007 at 4:05 pm
I’m not sure the term “Singularity” means any of these things; if taken at face value and with the intent of its coiner, Vinge, it merely means that point on the accelerating change curve beyond which all bets are off — beyond which extrapolation becomes very, very difficult if not impossible. It is predicated on an asymptotic accelerating change curve, but is not the same thing as the change curve itself. Any of the other things mentioned are mere possible consequences or side-effects of that change curve.
July 13th, 2007 at 4:22 pm
Jeff,
In his original paper, Vinge talks about greater-than-human intelligence, then writes, “When greater-than-human intelligence drives progress, that progress will be much more rapid.” He defines the Singularity as “imminent creation by technology of entities with greater than human intelligence”. How did you get “that point on the accelerating change curve beyond which all bets are off” out of that?
If you read Vernor Vinge’s stories, particularly the short story, “Run, Bookworm”, you’ll see that he’s quite preoccupied with the notion of intelligence and smartness, and a little bit less so with the acceleration of technology in general. This further supports the idea that his definition of the Singularity is centrally concerned with greater-than-human intelligence, not the accelerating change curve.
That you thought the Singularity was defined by Vinge as a point on a curve underscores vividly the confusion I am referring to in this post.
In the same way that you mistakenly thought Vinge’s Singularity was a point on a curve, many others mistake the Singularity for any number of other unrelated things, including those mentioned above, and many more.
July 13th, 2007 at 5:41 pm
The first time I heard of the term ‘Singularity’, it was defined as the time when technological innovations progressed so fast that the ‘rules’ for prediction of what could come next were basically null and void. Things you thought wouldn’t be possible in a hundred years could be designed/invented/solved next week. This version of the term actually is credited to Von Neumann back in the 50’s, well before Vinge (late 80s/early 90s). My understanding is that Vinge’s version is this same rough concept, but he thinks we’ll hit this level of accelerated returns through the rise of ‘greater than human’ intelligence. Vinge does indeed place great (huge!) emphasis on h+ intelligence, but he also does mix in the ideas Jeff mentioned, to some extent. Vinge’s original 1993 article is online.. http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~phoenix/Lit/vinge-sing.html
July 13th, 2007 at 5:54 pm
Everyone has a slightly different definition from “the first time I heard it”, hence the confusion.
July 13th, 2007 at 5:57 pm
AHHH Finally,
it has been bothering me for months now.
Michael, you wrote something that really crystalizes my disagreement with part of your outlook on intelligence:
“but not present-day human networking or the Internet - these are simply new ways of arranging human-level intelligence.”
I believe that Civilizations are an examples of greater than human level intelligences.
Western Civilization has certainly shown that how people are arranged makes a huge difference, in how a civilization learns about the universe.
With the advent of broadband, wireless, ubiquitous computer mediated communication the social intelligence we are a part of will gain vast new capabilities.
July 13th, 2007 at 6:14 pm
“Greater-than-human intelligence” is defined as an intelligence smarter than any human or combination of humans. So a civilization can’t be it. Call what you’re talking about “aggregate human intelligence”, if you like, but greater-than-human intelligence is simply defined as something else.
More components, yes; greater organization, yes; more specialization of division of labor, yes; different institutions, yes; qualitatively different methods of cognitive processing: no.
Lumping lots of humans together won’t get you a true superintelligence, anymore than lumping together lots of Homo erectuses gets you a Homo sapiens, lots of idiots gets you a genius, lots of geniuses gets you an Einstein, etc… there is so much evidence for the limited agglomerativity of intelligence, it’s not even funny.
July 13th, 2007 at 6:27 pm
This was bound to happen as the notions surrounding “future technologies” became more publically discussed. We needed an all-around term that describes the inevitable result of technological progress. It’s sad that the term has been distorted from it’s original intent, but isn’t that the sort of change that Singularity followers are supposed to revel in? It is certainly becoming a buzz word like “Web 2.0″, but if it’s in the pursuit of making the wonders of technological progress publically known then it’s not necessarily a bad thing.
“Singularity” can exist both as a general term for describing future technologies and as a specific term as per Vinge’s essay.
Although, I do agree that people really need to be more specific when their talking about future topics.
July 13th, 2007 at 6:43 pm
Brilliant critical snapshot. “Singularity” was a fine label when it came out but you are right to point out that too many ideas have become assimilated under its rubric. Friendly AI is very different from radical life extension, and if we achieve the latter but fail to obtain the latter then it won’t matter if we call ourselves Singulatarians, neo-Luddites, or much of anything at all. Thank you for helping to clarify the field and focus.
July 13th, 2007 at 8:29 pm
“I believe that Civilizations are an examples of greater than human level intelligences.”
History books are filled with examples of nation-states doing things that were pointlessly self-destructive. A classic example is the chain reaction of events leading up to WWI. Somebody shoots the archduke of Serbia, and four years later everyone is exhausted, cities are in ruins and millions are dead. Where’s the logic or intelligence in that?
July 13th, 2007 at 9:11 pm
“Singularity” should (be used to) mean: (1) the instantiation of greater-than-human, recursively self-enhancing/improving synthetic (or artificial) intelligence, but also (2) the super-exponentially accelerating tech-progress, which tends to be synergetically *self*-accelerating (hence the *super*-exponentiality…). These two are separate, but (2) helps lead to (1) (though it also may lead to biospheric annihilation, if we’re not careful…)
July 13th, 2007 at 10:09 pm
“…tech-progRess…” The grammar/spell check module in my old positronic brain is malfunctioning. Sorta like in Westworld, where, as we know, nothing can go wrorg, go wrog… ;)
July 13th, 2007 at 11:46 pm
For me, one of your better posts. Probably that will make you want to retract it. But still.
July 14th, 2007 at 1:43 am
I’ll refrain from giving my own definition of a technological singularity, for fear of further muddying the waters. The last singularity summit showed just how diverse opinions about the singularity are. Perhaps at the next summit there ought to be a discussion panel to explore these various strands of thought and try to nail down a more concise working definition.
July 14th, 2007 at 8:35 am
To make things even more confusing, “strong AI” has been used to mean:
* AI that behaves intelligently (AGI)
* AI that actually *is* intelligent (some people think there’s a difference)
* AI that actually is *conscious*
* AI that is useful in itself rather than for understanding human cognition
I don’t use the term for this reason.
July 14th, 2007 at 12:48 pm
“Lumping lots of humans together won’t get you a true superintelligence, anymore than lumping together lots of Homo erectuses gets you a Homo sapiens, lots of idiots gets you a genius, lots of geniuses gets you an Einstein, etc… there is so much evidence for the limited agglomerativity of intelligence, it’s not even funny.”
Yeh, your right, how intelligent a society is doesn’t depend on how humans humans who make it up are arranged. I keep forgetting about the Kalahari Bushman’s space program, and the Sioux indians breakthroughs in genetic engineering and how the ancient romans used quantum theory.
And as my dog Arlo just reminded me this is just an extension of the law of neural equivalence (layman’s version: it doesn’t matter how the neurons are arranged, improvements only come from better neurons.)
Sorry about the snark, but i could not stop myself.
Michael, you are almost there:
“More components, yes; greater organization, yes; more specialization of division of labor, yes; different institutions, yes; qualitatively different methods of cognitive processing: no.”
If you switched the wording from cognitive processing to information processing, you would likely say yes. If you were describing an AI program and you agreed that it has more components, greater organization, more specialization of parts and ran using different basic instructions would you say that it can’t have greater intelligence because it still runs on 486 chips?
(By the way I would put up mathematics as a fundamentally new mode of cognitive processing.)
Now i will certainly concede that there it is possible to have intelligences with far greater capabilities than the Social Intelligence that exists today or the Social Intelligence that will exist 15 years from now. But i do want you to recognize that the Social Intelligence system we are a part of is getting a big and fundamental upgrade in its communication /information systems over the next decade.
The advent of ubiquitous, portable, high bandwidth, computer mediated communication / information systems will enable profound opportunities for increased intelligence in the social system.
To sum up intelligence/knowledge is a social creation therefor the fundamental limit on intelligence /knowledge is social organization.
July 14th, 2007 at 1:22 pm
You mentioned in your article that some people are claiming there is no real technological acceleration. I think that’s absurdly false. Every time a I buy a new computer it is able to do things that could not even be conceived of on my last platform. As soon as they show that Moore’s Law has leveled-out, I’d believe such naysayers. Again, it seems to me that if *just* computer technology along were the only thing growing as fast as it is, that would be enough to push us into some sort of transhumanist future, one which I believe is coming very quickly.
July 14th, 2007 at 1:23 pm
Allow me to modify my comment: The Singularity-as-[”merely”]-super-exponential-tech-progress is wrong, a misnomer. More appropriately it is (or at least may be more-or-less modelled/thought-of as) the *asymtote* (and/or chaotic *attractor*) *toward which* such tech-progress indeed does seem to be headed (or even “culminating in…”). Now, of course, we don’t now know in detail what this Singularity will “be like” (consist in/of), as, if we did, (as Popper pointed-out) we’d've already achieved it and “be there”…
But we can extrapolate and intelligently conjecture, of course, roughly what it will be like (if we prevail…)
And the optimal deployment & utilization of the social intelligence Jim Moore speaks of is, btw, a very important Hayekian theme (see his works, especially his 3-vol. *magnum opus*, **Law, Legislation & Liberty**…; see also Tom Sowell, *Knowledge & Decisions*)
July 15th, 2007 at 7:22 am
just quickly - well done michael.
the last couple of posts have been top notch, and i’m sure others here are just as glad as i am to be part of the readership.
your ongoing advocacy and thought-leadership is exemplary. i can be difficult prick at times, but i’d like to think i can also give praise where it’s due, and this is one of those times - lovin’ your work tiger (good aussie vernacular).
oh and nice work with keeping the cory.d flamewar going - the monkey in me loves a bit of niggle :)
July 15th, 2007 at 7:33 am
Done, my awkward dutch translation added.
http://www.schismatrix.eu/dagonweb
It was a great way to introduce novites into the mindset. I sprinkled some silly links in for good measure.
Your posts have been popping up on Digg mike. That is goddamn spectacular exposure.
July 15th, 2007 at 1:17 pm
I agree that the term “singularity” has lost all it’s meaning, and I spent most of my time at last year’s Worldcon cringing every time I heard it casually tossed around as the fashionable mot du jour by people who clearly were not familiar with the writings of Vernor Vinge or Ray Kurzweil.
I suppose my biggest beef with the term is that it’s come to encompass many technologies that are almost certainly going to exist on THIS side of any technological event horizon. After all, any technology that we can discuss in practical terms most probably is going to be a pre-singularity technology since the singularity, almost by definition, will produce technological developments that we CAN’T imagine, or discuss in any meaningful way.
July 15th, 2007 at 5:19 pm
brintincus wrote:
This is somewhat of an obfuscation. Check “Moore’s Gap“.
The topic of Social intelligence is essentially one that has been discussed previously, by myself, with Tom and Michael taking the negative perspective to it, which they again iterate here. I will once again express my disappointment in men so familiar with why Moore’s Gap isn’t a problem believing that biology never created (nor utilizes) a comparatively similar solution.
To specifically address the topic of WWI:
– A) Powerful collective intelligence requires strong networking. Human communicativity is only now reaching the point where this trait is more than something which exists in close-knit specialist communities.
– B) Greater intelligence does not inherently mean the avoidance of errors.
By way of documenting this; to borrow from science fiction (more specifically, the errors of science fiction) — why is it that the collective intelligence as presented by the “Borg” of Star Trek fame would be utterly superior to an equal number of unmodified humans , with the problem exacerbated with higher numbers, if it actually existed?
July 15th, 2007 at 7:10 pm
“Human communicativity is only now reaching the point where this trait is more than something which exists in close-knit specialist communities.”
Human communication is still at ~300 baud. The advent of the Internet hasn’t changed the fundamental mediums of speech and writing, which are ridiculously slow mechanisms of information transfer.
“– B) Greater intelligence does not inherently mean the avoidance of errors.”
If greater intelligence doesn’t mean not making mind-bogglingly stupid mistakes, then what the heck does it mean?
“why is it that the collective intelligence as presented by the “Borg” of Star Trek fame would be utterly superior to an equal number of unmodified humans”
It wouldn’t be, not by a long shot. Watch Scorpion (A Star Trek Voyager episode), where a small crew of human spacefarers develops a cure for an infection in a matter of hours that had eluded the Borg collective for five months.
July 16th, 2007 at 5:05 am
A present building for a future is neither a present nor a future. It is therefore nothing. A present life enjoying itself in the present is something. A present life enjoying itself FOR a future is illusory and also ultimately nothing as the future is other than can be planned. Enjoyment or absorption is a present phenomenon, at connecting with the people you are discussing with, enjoyment at memories, or specualations about future possibilities being secondary.
Our memories are faulty to serve this dictum of the sovereignty of the present. We are made for our time, and no other. Part of the space time continuum, both masters and slaves to our destiny as part of that.
There will be no singular enhanced intelligent utopia, and it will be no utopia if something that resembles that utopia to the scientific community comes into being. This is becasue the global population will not have voted on it. Thus a value judgement ensues from the assumption that the AI refered to SHOULD be seen as the same thing by everyone, let alone right. EG Where is the assumption that living for 300 years is in any sense sensible??
In the above posts, the only truth is in what Michael, the initial poster, suggested was some kind of argumentative fault! - that in any 50 people attending a meeting, 50 different unique and sovereign opinions exist about the thing ‘itself’. The singularity proposed, even with definitions properly delineated, implicitly favours a future oligarchy with scientists at its head, which flies in the face of fairness, and all that 20th century history has taught us. AI can be seen as a backward step - a ritualised vanity. A religion with scientists as the priests hopelessly and tragically mediating between the ‘higher intelligence’ and the skeptics.
At least in moral terms everyone globally should have access to the internet before any further artificial intelligence is driven through by powerful economies. To make that paradigm shift to a new era of human intelligence at the very least morally requires a pan-human vote, and I would welcome the great strife involved in getting that vote to happen fairly, by first properly ridding the world of poverty, emotional physical and educational, and stripping the West of its assumptions.
It is a simple question of prizing fairness above imagination that should NOT be thrown out with the bath water.
In all these discussions there is a hatred or fear of ‘error’ which is scary. You are intelligent enough to see what I mean by saying that Error, in a way, informs evolution. And to most atheists ‘error’ is a happy solution for existence itself!!
Introduce AI and remove serendipity, happy mistakes, remove the good that comes from learning from mistakes - outsource it to modes of intelligence over which you have no control, and can only have faith.
Manufacturing your own God is something you should be careful of wishing for, for the way it will affect or condition your own will, once your will by leaving is susceptible to becoming subordinate. this is especially a risk when your God will be formed from a prioritisation of interface (the internet), over real form and content (fellow humans, alive, in the flesh). This prioritisation in the tools of AI risks collapsing the latter humanity mentioned to nothing, and ruling meaning out of existence in its present form. Which is extremely nihilistic, and a false view of heaven or salvation or whatever drives your desire to delve into transhumanism.
Therefore I at least invite the economic superpowers of the world to arrange a system for a global vote, during which educationprograms might be set up and from which intense but pandemocratic disagreement would result, it is easy to see.
If people were to take up that challenge instead of the over-cerebral one at hand in transhumanism - I certainly promise a new paradigm of intelligence, a shift in thinking that might just bring us the happiness whose lack causes us to engage in building towers of babel, thinking we can reach heavenly status.
July 16th, 2007 at 5:24 am
I think that the use of the word “Singularity” was a mistake from the get go. I understand the deep seated need for authors like Vinge to paint an idea in terms that the public can visualize, but this one was too general and already cluttered with previous relations. This term is full of potential confusion with math and astrophysics (BTW: where I first heard the term).
Once the popular press take verbage and distorts it, subtly or extremely, it’s nigh impossible to redress or salvage the terminology to the wide world.
Perhaps instead of moaning about the injustice of the world; futurists, transhumanists, and singulatarian advocates should have a poll/contest to decide upon a replacement term which clarifies and best communicates their vision. The nanotechnology maven’s have already been through this semanitics trauma and opted for this course. Most people who originally used “nanotechnology” in its intended use now use ‘molecular manufacturing” to describe their vision.
Anyone got any ideas for a new term?
July 16th, 2007 at 6:34 am
How about Silliness? Any conversation that uses episodes of Star Trek to elucidate its points makes me cringe. And people wonder why ‘transhumanism’ isn’t taken more seriously. Hell, even TV07 has Kirk as a prominent speaker! KIRK!!! It makes me sad.
Crying about other people borrowing your super special word seems like almost as big a waste of time as commenting on it (oops). Any word you come up with will be co-opted if it’s ’sexy’ enough.
July 16th, 2007 at 6:49 am
Did that come off as trollish? I apologize. But really…with all the injustices in the world, with all the suffering, with all the short-sited arrogant ‘leaders’ we have, and with all the people actively trying to prevent any progress at all …the thing that gets people fired up is other peeps stealing a term for their own agenda? We need to think bigger and bolder than such petty, inconsequential annoyances.
July 16th, 2007 at 7:06 am
I think Tom was being sarcastic just now when he mentioned the Star Trek episode. The Kirk at TransVision thing seems like a bad idea to me also. Easily mocked, and Star Trek isn’t even transhumanist in outlook.
People stealing words is irritating because it causes so much confusion. I guess “intelligence explosion” is next.
July 16th, 2007 at 9:53 am
The term “Singularity” is actually not too bad, as indicating the possibility of an “event horizon” of sorts, beyond which even informed extrapolation/conjecture breaks-down (at least to some extent). Plus, it substitutes for the (in some ways perhaps a bit more accurate) notions of asymtote and/or chaotic attractor (see my previous comment, above).
But Steven & others are certainly right in being concerned about transhumanism in general, and singularitarianism in particular, being taken seriously. The techno-economic trajectory is clearly accelerating toward *human-*task**-equivalent robotics by 2020 (+/- 5 yrs). Yet arguably our socio-economic/legal institutions are not ready for that. Such institutions are the entities *through which* human action is *channelled & filtered*. Yet intelligent human action is the only thing (of course) that can *modify* such institutions so as to better optimize outcomes. Yet there may be (indeed surely are) limits within which human institutions *can* be modified (on this see, among other stuff, the works of *both* Hayek *and* Kelso, for example). Which is why activism and—yes, politics—is, lamentably needed to help navigate our forward progress over the next decade or two (or three). Outreach and collaboration with various groups who are, while not quite exactly transhumanist (much less singularitarian), yet more-or-less **techno-progressive**, would seem a good start.
As for transhumanism and singularitarianism being taken seriously, we can only hope that luminaries such as Ben Goertzel and Aubrey de Grey continue to lucidly articulate (for the “lay” audience) the possibilities—already nascently extant in the “here-&-now”—for the betterment of all (trans)humankind through AGI/robotics, aging/disease control, IA/brain-intelligence-augmentation, etc.
There are already forces afoot (have been for many, many decades now…) that would like nothing better than (and are working fervently) to create a Global Plantation with the historical Power Elite(s) at the top of neo-feudal, more-or-less corporativist pyramid. (Indeed, we already have something fairly-closely approximating this today…!!) This is not conspiracy theory, dear colleagues, but simply straightforward observation of (more-or-less) recent history. To be sure, there *are* also countervailing forces afoot. It would seem to be (model-able, at least, as) a chaotic system, with a rather strange attractor(s) indeed. Our job, as singularitarians, is to do what we can to “nudge” things toward the proper (in a broad sense) outcome. We can try to raise consciousness, so that, instead of it being 10 yrs from now, as Aubrey opined recently, it may be a few as merely, say, 3-5 yrs until public awareness of the possibility(s) of SENS has “sunk in,” at which time there’ll be a hew-&-cry for its rapid, eventually-inexpensive, deployment. Same for FAGI and human-task-capable robotics (which, to be sure, are NOT the same thing, but are, of course, developing to some extent in tandem…). People have been social-systemically more-or-less operant-conditioned to “think” in terms of “jobs” and being corporate serfs (some well-paid, most not-so-well-paid). This will be able to be brought to an end by, say, 2022 (+/-, say, 7 yrs), **if** we play our cards right (so to speak). Kelso and AGI/robotics doyen James Albus have for many yrs been offering proposals to optimally accomodate this by certain modifications to the already-existing socio-economic-legal institutions. As IanC pointed out, in his comment-on-my-comment the other day, in another thread, these sorts of modifications may not be absolutely necessary, due to spontaneously-evolving (Hayek would appreciate that!) protocols stemming from the “open source” movement(s). And I concur, of course. But we still need to systematically try to figure what other modifications (if indeed any, mind you) need to be put-in-place (and ideally fairly soon…) so as to accomodate a totally cybernated world. Outreach on the part of transhumanists and singularitarian toward such groups as are already concerned with these sorts of issues might well be helpful/fruitful.
Forgive this long post. Suffice it to say that the more Aubrey and Ben (as well as Ray, Kim Eric, Chris [Perterson), James Albus and others) continue to rationally, reasonably parse-out all the stuff that “we” are already into and excited/joyful about, the more the public-opinion tide will (hopefully, probably) turn toward a mild, garden-variety transhumanism (”sure, I guess it **wouldn’t** be so bad to live indefinitely in state of youthful vigor…” and, “yeah, as long as I can have a reasonably good amount of real-income, heck-yeah, let the robots do the work…!!…”). **Then** they (the general public) will be ready to also get on-board with FAGI: “Yeah, it probably would be a good idea to have some sort of ultra-intelligent, ultra-human-friendly-&-benevolent system of some sort to monitor nanotech & robotech & make sure they’re not put to nefarious uses…”
And THANKS, Michael, yet again, for doing such a splendid job here…
Warmest regards to all, and
Ciao for now…
July 16th, 2007 at 10:09 am
Tom wrote:
Like I said — the errors of science fiction.
I always did prefer The Cosmic Rape’s take on collective intelligence, anyhow. The question is; does the fact that I read SF trash from the 50’s age me artificially?
July 16th, 2007 at 11:11 am
“Like I said — the errors of science fiction.”
This is not an error, this is a remarkable coincidence on the part of the writers. Collective intelligences will naturally tend to slow down due to the overhead problems created by the huge amounts of bandwidth required. This is why we still need big supercomputers instead of running everything on BOINC- the Internet has very limited bandwidth for some applications. If you wanted to design a rocket engine, how large would the bandwidth have to be between six chimps before they were better than a single human at solving the problem?
July 16th, 2007 at 12:40 pm
Afrotallguy,
Good luck achieving that without permanently modifying our psychology on the neurological level.
John,
“Intelligence explosion” or “recursive self-improvement” work well, but only a few people use them. (Of course I am in agreement with Steve on this.)
Parish,
Feel free to unsubscribe if you think the issues addressed on this blog are a waste of time.
The public sometimes tries to steal words from science, but in the long run, it usually fails. The terms, “supercritical”, “black hole”, and “mutation” have been abused regularly, but at the end of the day the clueful people still know precisely what they mean.
Okay, apology accepted…
There are millions of political blogs that actually think they can do something about these problems by whining. I prefer the approach of supporting research into new technologies that are inherently liberating. As many of these liberating technologies are often associated with the word “Singularity, it’s important to make the appropriate distinctions therein.
July 16th, 2007 at 10:51 pm
How many hammers does it take to thread a bolt?
… I’ll make this less obscure: the response above completely fails to recognize the unique nature of emergent properties as distinct from their assemblages. It’s amazing that its author even acknowledges the existence of sentience — itself another emergent property.
July 16th, 2007 at 11:42 pm
“I prefer the approach of supporting research into new technologies that are inherently liberating.”
No technology is inherently liberating. That’s a dangerously deluded faith to have if you really do want a hand in emancipatory change. Technoscientific developments are liberating only when their costs, risks, and benefits are all distributed fairly among all the stakeholders to those developments.
“There are millions of political blogs that actually think they can do something about these problems by whining.”
Was that last comment of mine “whining”? One never knows with self-described members of the Singularitarian “Left.”
July 17th, 2007 at 1:33 am
Dale, no one is “whining” if they propose *actionable items*. You do this on your blog and in comments, sometimes.
No technology is inherently liberating? The automobile, fire, Haber-Bosch process, democracy (a social technology), writing, printing press, the Internet, condoms, birth control, cash registers, and modern agriculture aren’t inherently liberating?
I truly do have a hand in emancipatory change. It’s amazing what you can accomplish simply by emailing big-wigs. Many of them actually seem quite bored.
It’s incredibly difficult to distribute the costs, risks, and benefits among all humanity for each development. How do you distribute the risks of cluster bomb munitions to a tribeperson in Africa?
July 17th, 2007 at 3:30 am
I feel somewhat existentially distressed that the issues in my post were seized upon in the following way.
‘Afrotallguy:
If people were to take up that challenge instead of the over-cerebral one at hand in transhumanism - I certainly promise a new paradigm of intelligence, a shift in thinking that might just bring us the happiness whose lack causes us to engage in building towers of babel, thinking we can reach heavenly status.
Good luck achieving that without permanently modifying our psychology on the neurological level.’
What I’m aiming at here is the possibility that thinking ‘too much’ is not intelligent. A balanced sensual life is better.
The importance is not in ’success’(a word laden with assumptions in itself) at a delineated project but inclusion of all projects. The word ‘intelligence’ is equally faulty, and there will never be a comprehensive definition of that word too. From this, there can be no linear directional truth which does not at the same time blind itself to other approaches. Self-blinding is not intelligence, it may in other words be descried as ‘artificial’.
Two points:
1) MCP2012, what do you make of my post, 5 above yours?
2) Michael, on the following ‘Feel free to unsubscribe if you think the issues addressed on this blog are a waste of time’..:
I know this was not necessarily directed at my post, but must argue on that point. The issues are certainly not a waste of time - but the idea that someone proposing to question and thus arguably enhance the moral approach to this field is surely to be welcomed and not exiled. Or are their/my feelings not to be counted in a cybernetic future?
I’m thinking of the Manhattan project, a paradigmatic scientific shift analogous in some ways to the uncharted venture of transhumanism, which has brought with it fear, based as it was on an in no way holistic assumption of cause-and-effect efficacy at work in the world which can and has been well philosophically argued not to be the case at all. i.e. meaningless loss of life.
I digress, but the scientists involved in the Manhattan project were all but led to believe the A-bomb would be a tool of peace, preventing large-scale wars by the threat of its existence, not its use. A celebration of science soon became a global grief. Therefore broaching uncharted scientific frontiers is surely at the very least shown in history to have warnings attached.
Here we are arguably going even further, excitedly suggesting that ultimately human government in its current form won’t even be necessary, and thus the argument goes, we will avoid nuclear war as well as gaining all manner of other benefits. But it is most revealing to examine the taboos that form these hopes and dreams. In this utopic vision is bound up the important ommission that the SCIENTISTS responsible will inherit the world - just a new form of government to be sure, and perverse in that it bares the hallmarks of a naive religion rather than science (the belief that all will go to plan is staggeringly idealistic).
The point remains, which no one has addressed from my post (long, as I concede it to be) that there is a categorical assumption that either does or does not pull the rug from under the whole AI venture’s feet and should therefore at least surely be examined, before people’s prophecies take shape and gain vigor.
This assumption is that you can decide on behalf of other people. The belief that this either does or does not ‘pull the rug’ as described is reason enough to at least stop and question yourselves, at least give time and patience to outsiders to the field like me.
Otherwise what essentially you become as an expert in this field is a prophet who gains that status by planning your environment in such a way as one’s prophecies become true - excluding the wants and needs of large swathes of population, which (employing extrapolation - that extremely valuable human tool you want to get rid of…) leads to ignoring/exterminating the parts of the environment that seem to be spanners in the works (cf, sorry to say, Hitler).
Remember in this that every person is a sovereign individual. As a result perhaps an omniscient AI being would even destroy itself based on a complex philosophical calculation which erases the necessity for such a being. One of the hinges to this argument might be that if one in howver many billion of the world population is perfectly happy and thinks transhumanism is a bad idea (take me for example), then something which will affect that one dissenter should not be decided by someone else - and this AI system, if it is not morally vacuous/faulty will decide this anyway.
In theory, what I am saying is that the omniscient AI has theoretically already disappeared itself for the sake of our free will. Maybe the death of the AI-God culminated in the big bang? Who can actually say? - if one follows the end-to-extrapolation argument. (Ritualised laziness in my view).
My worry is that we create a AI leviothan not quite omniscient, due to our own assumptions built in - that this AI could be morally faulty, because it was made by non-omniscients, us, and build on our human assumptions will career off as a kind of Frankenstein. We have no way of knowing what will happen, but it is certainly a rational prediction that creations are imbued with the traits of their creators.
Realise that ‘error’ has its place in teaching us, shaping our wills, and do not blind yourself to the idea that transhumanism at the very least MAY be an error itself, the primary danger being that it is rarely - if ever - entertained as dangerous according to its believers in this blog.
Think the uncertainty principle, think quantum: Observation systems break down when they can exactly define or shape their own reality in context of their surroundings and not divorced from them (see hofstaedter). This self-annihilation (strange loop?) seems the direction of systems that mistake creation of external superior autonomous intelligences for self-enhancement.
So alongside Star Trek analogies, include Terminator ones, the former being evidently too biased to the myth of a successful controlling ‘federation’ anyway (which is scary enough in itself, I hope you agree).
Undoubting belief is the currency of fundamentalism.
July 17th, 2007 at 4:33 am
Afrotallguy, you’re drawing too many conclusions from a short response of mine. It’s quite impossible to tell exactly what you mean by “thinking too much”, though I can only imagine Neanderthals telling our ancestors, early Homo sapiens, the same thing.
If by sensual, you mean enjoying aesthetics and sex, I can enjoy these things in great quantities and still “think too much” according to some others. It’s not a choice between A and B. I can have both.
In regard to your response to my response to someone else, if someone thinks this blog is a waste of time, then it’s better that they leave than hang around and criticize. I’m not locking off their input, just saying that they might enjoy themselves more elsewhere.
What are you trying to say?
No, scientists will not be in control, and not be a new form of government, NOT “to be sure”.
What is the plan? I work for an organization devoted to analyzing scenarios where everything goes wrong, the Lifeboat Foundation. Newbies to this blog are humorously unaware of this.
Pull the rug out of fire’s feet. Pull the rug out of the Internet’s feet. Pull the rug out of the toilet’s seat. It can’t be done. All these things were fated to be invented.
Argumentum ad Hiterlum. You’re new here, aren’t you?
Are you serious? I completely thought otherwise, please forgive me.
Lol, or perhaps not.
Forget you ever saw this blog, and then answer me: what is transhumanism to you? What does it have to do with AI?
Wow. Lol. WOW.
Yes, you’re terrified of authoritarianism. I get it.
Why do all the newbie commenters on this blog act this bingo chart without fail?
July 17th, 2007 at 6:39 am
Michael. C’mon. You know that I think you post many fine articles. I’ve told you this in the past. Surely you can handle one dissenting opinion, even snarky ones like mine, without resorting to ‘if you don’t like it, leave’.
My point was this…you prefer Vinge’s use of the word Singularity, and lambast others for distorting the definition to fit into their own agendas. Vinge did just this! He took Von Neumann’s idea and modified it to his own viewpoint. And I’m sure Von Neumann did it too, from the mathematical concept of the term. The ground you’re on is shaky. Yes, concepts need to be clear. So instead of ordering others to use your definition, perhaps a new term that better fits the definition makes more sense. Intellectual explosion or AI revolution or Enhanced-Intelligence-Singularity or whatever would be much clearer.
July 17th, 2007 at 9:39 am
“No technology is inherently liberating? The automobile, fire, Haber-Bosch process, democracy (a social technology), writing, printing press, the Internet, condoms, birth control, cash registers, and modern agriculture aren’t inherently liberating?”
Are you kidding me? Ask someone burned at the stake, ask any environmentalist with a critique of car culture. Liberation is a political category, not an instrumental category.
“It’s incredibly difficult to distribute the costs, risks, and benefits among all humanity for each development. How do you distribute the risks of cluster bomb munitions to a tribeperson in Africa?”
Democratize technodevelopment, that’s how. By the way, my guess is that if the majority of Africans — quite as much as for most anybody else in the world — had an actual say in matters of the funding and regulation that articulates the production and diffusion of cluster bombs, they would be rendered unprofitable, and then regulated into near non-existence.
July 17th, 2007 at 9:43 am
Also, define *actionable items* in your sense. As a good pragmatist, I don’t even consider beliefs different in a way that makes a difference if they don’t cash out in differences at the level of conduct.
July 17th, 2007 at 10:42 am
“Yes, concepts need to be clear. So instead of ordering others to use your definition, perhaps a new term that better fits the definition makes more sense.”
Bingo! The alternative would be the continuation of the kind of unproductive, brittle doctrinaire bickering that is increasingly relegating Singularitarianism to the sidelines of futurist debate.
July 17th, 2007 at 3:22 pm
Afrotallguy: While I appreciate your posts as being thoughtful, it may behoove you to read the publications Michael has recently suggested as well as the following (if you’ve not already):
1. Drexler, *Engines of Creation* (as well as his website & other publications)
2. Kurzweil, *The Singularity Is Near* (again, as well as his website & other publications)
3. Hans Moravec, *Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind*
4. Hayek, *The Constitution of Liberty* (one of the best intros to classical liberalism…), and, if you’re intellectually game, *Law, Legislation, and Liberty* (3 vols.), one of the most important treatises in social philosophy and jurisprudence ever written…
5. Kelso & Adler, *The Capitalist Manifesto*, projecting and advocating totally cybernated society, and introducing systematic reforms for the economic/financial institutions to pave the way for such **total cybernation** (See also Norman Kurland, *Capital Homesteading*)
Plus, you might want to throw-in some older “classics” of the nascent transhumanist genre: Anything by the great (and currently cryonically-suspended) F.M. Esfandiary; anything by the still-hoppin’-&-boppin’ mid-80’s-yr-old Robert Ettinger (the man who STARTED cryonics!!), in particular his *The Prospect of Immortality*, and its sequel, *Man into Superman*; and finally, the late (apparently worm-food, unfortunately) great Alan Harrington’s superbly-written *The Immortalist*.
And also visit the Singularity Institute’s site, as well as Aubrey de Grey’s SENS site (Aubrey also has a new book on SENS coming out this Sept.; search on his name at Amazon.com…)
I understand & certainly appreciate your concerns about the possibility of authoritarianism/totalitarianism, whether AGI-based (certainly imaginable, but not especially likely in my view…) or human-elite-based. We already live under Bertram Gross’s “Friendly Fascism” (see his book by that title…). However, as far as your particular comments go, I tend to concur with Michael (Anissimov)’s take on them. Read what I’ve suggested (if you can make the time), plus whatever Michael may suggest. I certainly appreciate your collegial interest in transhumanism and concerns re the future of (trans)humankind…
Best wishes always…
July 25th, 2007 at 11:37 am
The worst article so far Michael. By far.
July 26th, 2007 at 1:22 pm
[…] Michael Anissimov has claimed that the word “Singularity” has become so diffuse and overused, it has lost all meaning. While this has certainly been going on for a while now, the concept of “Singularity” is still too far removed from public discourse to be used for ordinary marketing. Once that does happen…, er, well… […]
July 27th, 2007 at 10:27 pm
Dale, actionable items, in my mind, involve concrete suggestions, even “write Congressperson X”. Your last comment wasn’t whining, you just praised my post and make a joke so I don’t expect you to come up with some huge actionable proposal in two sentences….
MCP, I’m afraid that I don’t think your reading recommendations will help all that much because everyone is too busy to go read things unless they have a really, really, really good personal reason to do so. Easier to summarize the arguments from the books here or use arguments from authority, I think…
Thomas, sounds like someone has an unreasonable sentimental attachment to the word “Singularity”. If not, explain why this post is so bad.
July 28th, 2007 at 10:33 am
I accidently came across your interesting site and thought you might appreciate something I wrote recently. Maybe not.
Singularity
By
Gil Gaudia, Ph.D.
I’ve been reading a lot about cosmology and the Big Bang theory lately, including the “Inflationary Model.” But you know what? I just can’t seem to get my mind around the idea that everything in this stupendous universe—everything!— all the trillions of galaxies and quintillions of stars—everything, was once contained in this little fraction of a dot called a singularity.
According to the experts, there are many kinds of singularity. There is the one astronomers refer to; one that mathematicians love, and several others, including the one from devotees of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The easiest for me to understand is the definition from AI which simply means the point at which the intelligence of computers begins to exceed that of humans. Anybody can deal with that. They already exceed that of most of the folks I know.
I can’t even describe the mathematicians use of the term except to say that it has to do with numbers that reach zero and infinity, and something called “the derivative.” Things apparently happen to their beloved equations at those points, the “singularity point,” and from there on they just don’t add up as they should—or add up to more than they should. Either way, a singularity is blamed for the outcome.
My favorites, though, are the ones that are called Black Holes, and are scattered around the universe, and constantly being born. These latter are thought to result from the collapse of giant stars which form supernovae and then send out tremendous flashes of energy called “gamma-ray-bursts.” Some of these eventually become the fearful “black holes” of science and fiction which are so massive that nothing, not even light can escape from them. The reason they can’t escape is that at the singularity, matter becomes infinitely dense, but the volume (size) becomes infinitesimal. You can imagine what the gravitational force would be in that case—it would be so strong it would even distort space and time. Even the most punctual people would have a hard time keeping appointments in that situation.
The ultimate “Singularity’ is the one that caused the “Big Bang” explosion at the beginning of time. This is the mother of all singularities, because it would be the equivalent of all those supernovaes collapsing at once into one pinpoint–the entire mass of the whole universe, including all the Catholic churches and Gothic cathedrals in Europe, squeezing into something a whole lot smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. Except . . . it would go the other way. The period would spew out all the mass and eventually form the entire universe.
I mean, I believe it of course, because I admire astronomers who are the greatest, and wish I had become one; but yet, I can’t comprehend it. . In fact, from what I just read, in Victor Stenger’s book, “God the Failed Hypothesis: How Science Shows That God Does Not Exist,” compared to a singularity, that period is GIGANTIC, but of course it doesn’t weigh nearly as much. Oops, I mean, it doesn’t have as much mass.
That’s what the latest cosmological thinking says. Cosmology is a word that comes from (Who else?) the ancient Greeks, and is one of the issues over which Atheists and theists most strongly disagree. Did god create the universe in six days, or did it result from the scientific cosmologists’ Big Bang?
You know, I really do love astronomy. I even have an eight-inch Maksutov-Cassegrain Catadioptric telescope (I’ve always wanted to type that phrase) and of course, I’m an Atheist. But I wish some physicist, or astronomer would come along and write something like “Cosmology for Real Dummies.” (I’m afraid to ask a cosmologist any questions, they seem so scary with their concepts like “String Theory” and “Planck Time” and besides I don’t even know one.)
These guys like Erwin Schrœdinger, (What can you expect from a guy who theorized about executing cats in a black box by remote control?) Nihls Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, who started all this quantum stuff really muddied everything for me. They took perfectly understandable ideas like Newton’s gravity, that we were all able to visualize with apples falling from trees and billiard balls colliding and, well, forced us Atheists feel torn between two incomprehensibilities—god, . . . or “Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.” Which is “cosmologistese” for radiation that formed when the universe had cooled down a little bit, or the “echo” of the Big Bang.
Anyway, after a sleepless night pondering the speed of light; the relationship between curved space and quarks named “charm” and “strange;” and let me not forget about e=mc2, I thought I’d try to express my dilemma by proposing an “Atheist’s Anthem,” that will vent my frustration, and at the same time give us an opening song at the next convention, or anytime that Atheists gather anywhere. It’s called “What is This Singularity?”
What is This Singularity?
(Sung plaintively to the tune of Cole Porter’s “What is this thing called love?”)
What is this sin-gu-lar-i-ty?
This tiny thing, what can it be?
I try and try to think of it
But galaxies don’t seem to fit
It just can’t be so goddam small
Yet hold the stars the sun and all
I wish Max Planck and Albert too
Were still around to hear me stew.
What is this thing called god?
This spooky thing so odd?
Just who can solve its mystery?
Why should it make a fool of me?
I saw the light one wonderful day
And told myself, there’s no need to pray
That’s why I ask theists to get off their knees
And help me find an answer please.
What is this sin-gu-lar-i-ty?
They say it started thee and me
It started to expand and then
For all we know, may shrink again
The theists laugh and mock the thought
That everything began with naught
They say that god gave rise to all
But “Uncaused Cause” tales sure are tall.
August 1st, 2007 at 12:48 am
The immense sudden change to a radical new world is most likely going to happen in a few decades or less.
The term “Singularity” is the best term to describe this catastrophe in the sense of Rene Thom.
http://www.exploratorium.edu/complexity/CompLexicon/catastrophe.html
The Catastrophe would be even better term, but we can’t use, can we?
And it’s not about the term, it’s about the nature of a sudden change.
August 1st, 2007 at 2:05 am
I obviously agree that there will be sudden change in future technological developments… I have been arguing this since I was 12.
August 1st, 2007 at 4:57 am
to Dale Carrico who said:
“No technology is inherently liberating? The automobile, fire, Haber-Bosch process, democracy (a social technology), writing, printing press, the Internet, condoms, birth control, cash registers, and modern agriculture aren’t inherently liberating?”
- It is the way the tchnology is used, not its invention that is either liberating or threatening to liberty. That’s the key thing I’m questioning, the right path should involve an examiation of the motivations for pursuing any line of inventive imagination. Yes we should use iumagination because it is there, but the preservation of imagination itself must be sovereign, to pay due respect to the thing which allowed us to invent in the first place. Risking this in any way is not honourable, but it seems in the testing processes of anything that Kurzweil predicts that this sovereignty is being thrown out along with all the diseaeses that it is hoped will be irradicated (only to be replaced by digital viruses - come one, its not a hard extrapolation to agree with).
August 1st, 2007 at 6:34 am
Michael, I appreciate your comment to MCP about keeping reading lists to a minimum, but it was useful to see that I already have some of his reading list at home (Kurzweil) and will dip in again.
I am as you observe very wary of authoritarianism. But like any other human invention/occurence, it is how you work with it that counts. Wouldn’t the whole transhumanism venture benefit from the agreement of all academic disciplines including Theology etc. this could be achieved via the invention of ‘Academiology’ departments at universities which might re-instated the Greeks’ priority for philosophy over current global academic curricula (which, in their current divided/’specialised’ condition, have lead to many neanderthal super-nanny-states unequipped to deal ethically with the ambitions/passions/visions of its intellectually interested members to any adequate degree (let alone the starving of the world).
I argue below that for it not to be fraudulent, transhumanism MUST enter this dialogue to its conclusion, without prejudice that transhumanism ends up as the transhumanists’ choice in the end. That is the source of free thinking and nothing else. The grace to be give up a design, however much you’ve already built. In turn it is for the likes of me to read up more and try and gain a less bleak view.
Talking of philosophical things (and relevant to this claim): god both is and is not - that is its attribute: the unreachable singularity, the thing in which we all believe, but remain constantly frustrated by. That is the human condition.
Any thesis which tries to change this is only arguably admirable (from an assumed position of adequate self-love). But if for sake of argument transhuman venture IS admirable, it is surely not adviseable if the change is rushed (cf by analogy the development of the thalydomide medication). By ‘rushed’ I mean advancing with an unsafe levels of quantum ignorance/neglect(Gil Glaudia!) - i.e. cybernetic ‘hard’ware implemented before the micro-laws governing the ’soft’ware are fully appreciated: it can’t be other than hubris to jump the gun before more comprehensive understandings of quantum’s scope for thorough predictability is ascertained (as even *possible*).
To be honest I’m still more convinced with my earlier suggestion that inherent human fallibility will be etched into any praeterhuman intelligence ipso facto, so if ‘naysayer’ is what I am then that’s what I’ll have to be for the moment. But at least I’m communicating.
If there’s too much to take in in the world or to work out, do not become immortal to try and do so, just make your life less busy. A whole lot less work and risk of hurting others in doing that.
Back on the God thing for a sec, why do we spend so long locked in a mad chimera? Self-defining as Atheists and Theists divides us into speaking different languages, cf Thomas Kuhn, Wittgenstein etc. Why not lets work at being humans, ALL chosen ones by ‘god’, by ‘future’, or ’singularity’ or ‘chance’, or ‘fate’ - whatever works without argument over a false problem, whatever works without leading us off in directions which ignore many factors, charming those interested by the fact that they are exciting. Excitement - a new and fresh sentiment, but sentimentality all the same… A product of being bored. I bet the people of old used to hate being excited as it meant there was a bear knocking on their door or a skirmish to engage in. Anything for a bit of peace! And now we’re bored and unexcited, AND without peace! Where does this lead us? Surely not to a life of boredom with robots or parts of robots thinking for us.
It is as insane arguing over what is the correct spelling of apple when you’re starving as it is arguing about the whether the term ‘god’ or ‘no god’ is true for a concept which, without the argument, is so clearly useful*.
*if its past interpretations cease to anger us, and are seen as historical, we can work with ‘Theist’ as well as ‘atheist’.
Ironically, the arguably most highly ‘religious’ religion (as it considers its people chosen by God - Judaism) once had a great policy, that God’s name should not be spoken.
This is presumably for fear we’ll forget to do the washing up/help our families or people in need, as if someone disagreed with the word we use and we have to spend the whole time arguing the same point to eachother, and eventually just navel-gazing…. coming through this vanity to civil and continental wars to the same vanity, and coming wearily through the resulting western consumer culture to a conveniently clarifying exit route to this psychological dilemma of ours, rather than dealing with it with simple life choices. This surely is Artificial intelligence. Why can’t we use rather than escape our condition?
If we just had genuine open-minded intelligence we wouldn’t have cause to divide opinion. But that’s as big a job for the imagination, bigger even - and less attainable you may say - than the singularity. But there our nature looks us in the face. The ability to choose entails periods of dilemma, but prioritising the weight of the dilemma over the simple choice away from the dilemma is admitting defeat. Take a walk away from your usual trains of thought. This I argue is not what transhumanism encourages - it merely treats the symptoms of intelligent members of an inert and confused authority-governed mass with the feint tint of the technosublime and some sense of revolution without consequences (a thing otherwise available by rioting in your local town, against the local authority for closing down that live music bar…etc - and way more fun for it).
Anyway, my boredom is now gripping my style… but yes authority is at the bottom of this. Assuming your own, and not basing your own authority on a chimera.
The question is what it takes to think about other then transhumanism, and what reward could THAT bring you. For this, we may have to rethink our employment of the inventions mentioned by someone above as technological benefits e.g. fire and contraception etc because they lead to abortion and global warming (yes they very arguably do) if not used correctly - not to mention guns and bombs.
Giving due time to these present things calls into question the validity of the hopes we exptrapolate from an already unbalanced world in which we haven’t considered these things enough. It gives us lateral thinking instead of blind faith.
Which breeds the following point. If we pursue transhumanism, this process is ethically dictated to by the fact that we need as flawless as possible a platform (in every way) from which to be able launch utopia. To achieve this, we need moral singularity before surrendering to the manufacture of angels and Gods, and finally giving up responsibility for ourselves (Singularity=Heaven?). Religion offers life after death, A.I. future offers life after life after life after life.
A balance of form and content is what is possible on earth, where in heaven or in transtopia, it is one or the other (and therefore neither in my view.
(cf wave-particle duality & extrapolations).
As beings of mind and body, I hope this makes some sense. If peace doesn’t come in your life time, it’ll come when you die, and become food for the bacteria which innocently continues the organic cycle life on earth, not responsible for car fumes and nuclear holocausts.
That’s a less ugly way of putting it than ‘worm fodder’.
August 1st, 2007 at 1:40 pm
And the sudden change has no better name than “the Singularity”. No reason to abandon this term.
Maybe we could start to call it - The Positive Human Induced Total Catastrophe.
Still sounds silly.
August 15th, 2007 at 9:33 am
[…] into existence that is more intelligent than us humans. See for example Michael Anissimov’s The Word “Singularity” Has Lost All Meaning: “Transhuman intelligence is what ‘the Singularity’ has always supposed to […]
September 1st, 2007 at 2:34 pm
I agree. Tooting my own two year old horn:
http://mindstalk.net/typesofsing.html
As for a better name to call the putative sudden change, I choose “Cognitive Revolution”. Understanding and being able to manipulate and duplicate how our minds work should have big effects, regardless of the exact mechanisms and final capabilities.
October 3rd, 2007 at 6:09 am
[…] this “the Singularity”? No, because the word Singularity has lost all meaning and is all but useless. It’s a word you drop to sound cool around science fiction nerds. […]
December 11th, 2007 at 5:41 pm
Michael,
Thanks for a great article and follow-up discussion. They served to enlighten me on what the Singularity is/means, and how tough topics such as these are a “must read” for anyone wishing to stay ahead of the curve.
At the end of the day, I remain convinced that the future will interesting, difficult to predict & prepare for, and that whatever the pace of technological advance, we’ll see massive change in our lifetimes. And I look forward to it!
December 29th, 2007 at 8:08 am
[…] are so many different meanings attached that the term Singularity has ceased to be useful. (Anissimov, […]
January 27th, 2008 at 8:30 am
Thomas: The immense sudden change to a radical new world is most likely going to happen in a few decades or less.
The term “Singularity” is the best term to describe this catastrophe in the sense of Rene Thom.
The Catastrophe would be even better term, but we can’t use, can we?
And it’s not about the term, it’s about the nature of a sudden change.
****
Thank you for coining exact right words!
August 22nd, 2008 at 1:35 pm
[…] that Intel’s news release is in any way “proof” that a Singularity will occur. According to some, the word “Singularity” has lost all meaning. Most importantly, some version of this idea has taken hold at one of the most closely followed […]