The Great Mambo Disappointment and the Cynical Condition Monday, May 19 2008
futurism and nanotechnology 6:08 pm

Ed Regis is a science journalist type I’ve always liked, mainly for 1995 book Nano, which got me into nanotechnology when I was 11. Although the book generally has good reviews on Amazon, I had to post this one, by Robert J. Crawford:
As a professional reviewer, once in a while you come across a book that is so ridiculously bad, that so appallingly falls short of what the author claims, that you wish you had never contracted to review it because that means you have to carefully read it. Of the hundreds of popular science books that I have read, I can say without hesitation that this one may be the worst. And yet its tone is utterly arrogant and self-satisfied. It is truly a monument to the author’s egotism.
Though billed as a science book, there simply is no science in it. Instead, it is a kind a hagiographic biography of Eric Drexler, who has done nothing but talk.
However, if you are uncritically convinced of Drexler’s vision, which is nothing if not arresting, you will probably like this book. What it does is seek to elevate Drexler to prophet status before he has accomplished anything but unproven hypotheses at best, and speculation and hype at the worst.
Since his “hagiographic” worship of Dr. Drexler in 1995, Ed Regis has totally changed his mind. For instance, in a 2001 interview with Nanotech Now, he had this response:
Nanotech Now: With the advent of mature MNT, where do you see the most drastic changes occurring? How can society and industry prepare for it?
Ed Regis: “Advent of mature MNT”? You’ve got to be joking. The one thing that has most impressed me about MNT since I’ve been aware of the field, which I guess has been for about 15 years, is the snail’s pace of progress toward the goal. We’ve seen tons of conferences, books, theories, predictions, discussions, workshops, institutes, companies, scenarios, simulations, pictures, articles, initiatives, meetings, study groups, Web sites, magazines, newsletters, matching grants and unmatching grants, et cetera. The one thing we haven’t seen is any substantial progress toward MNT.
I also question the common assumption that we have to “prepare for it.” I see no reason why we cannot simply wait until it happens, and then accommodate ourselves to it then and there, after the fact, when, if, and as it occurs. I think a lot of this before-the-fact worrying, handwringing, theorizing, scenarioizing, worst-case and best-case planning, et cetera, is a waste of time, especially in the event that the hoped-for revolution does not occur, or does not occur in the time frame envisioned by its prognosticators.
Most people have had no trouble accommodating themselves to all sorts of incredible technological feats, everything from the moon landing to the Concorde, VCRs, CAT scans, heart and lung transplants, hip replacements, cloned sheep, and truly stylish Japanese sports cars. Who would have thought!
The tone here sounds a bit bitter — Mr. Regis is disappointed that his dreams were crushed when the Great Nanotechnology Revolution didn’t occur soon enough. No need to be so sad, the 21st century is just getting started.
As you might have guessed, I totally disagree with Mr. Regis. There has been progress towards MNT. (See some of the talks at Future Current for a small sampling.) It’s a huge deal, and preparing for it is critical. Numerous scientists, futurists, and VCs start thinking about it for the first time every day. We ignore it at our peril.
The next Google could be a molecular nanotechnology company.
I just wanted to post Regis’ comments to make it obvious that there are people who have lost their faith in MNT, and regarding what bit of faith they have left, they still think it isn’t worth preparing for. That’s their choice, and I disagree. Much of the preparation work for MNT arms control and regulation issues overlaps strongly with legal/sociological issues surrounding rapid prototyping, and those are already materializing as we speak.
Honestly though, I think it’s worth snickering a little bit at Mr. Regis’ earlier overconfidence in the nearness of molecular assemblers. When asked by Edge.org “what have you changed your mind about?”, he said:
I used to think you could predict the future. In “Profiles of the Future,” Arthur C. Clarke made it seem so easy. And so did all those other experts who confidently predicted the paperless office, the artificial intelligentsia who for decades predicted “human equivalence in ten years,” the nanotechnology prophets who kept foreseeing major advances toward molecular manufacturing within fifteen years, and so on.
Mostly, the predictions of science and technology types were wonderful: space colonies, flying cars in everyone’s garage, the conquest (or even reversal) of aging. (There were of course the doomsayers, too, such as the population-bomb theorists who said the world would run out of food by the turn of the century.)
But at last, after watching all those forecasts not come true, and in fact become falsified in a crashing, breathtaking manner, I began to question the entire business of making predictions. I mean, if even Nobel prizewinning scientists such as Ernest Rutherford, who gave us essentially the modern concept of the nuclear atom, could say, as he did in 1933, that “We cannot control atomic energy to an extent which would be of any value commercially, and I believe we are not likely ever to be able to do so,” and be so spectacularly wrong about it, what hope was there for the rest of us?
And then I finally decided that I knew the source of this incredible mismatch between confident forecast and actual result. The universe is a complex system in which countless causal chains are acting and interacting independently and simultaneously (the ultimate nature of some of them unknown to science even today). There are in fact so many causal sequences and forces at work, all of them running in parallel, and each of them often affecting the course of the others, that it is hopeless to try to specify in advance what’s going to happen as they jointly work themselves out. In the face of that complexity, it becomes difficult if not impossible to know with any assurance the future state of the system except in those comparatively few cases in which the system is governed by ironclad laws of nature such as those that allow us to predict the phases of the moon, the tides, or the position of Jupiter in tomorrow night’s sky. Otherwise, forget it.
Further, it’s an illusion to think that supercomputer modeling is up to the task of truly reliable crystal-ball gazing. It isn’t. Witness the epidemiologists who predicted that last year’s influenza season would be severe (in fact it was mild); the professional hurricane-forecasters whose models told them that the last two hurricane seasons would be monsters (whereas instead they were wimps). Certain systems in nature, it seems, are computationally irreducible phenomena, meaning that there is no way of knowing the outcome short of waiting for it to happen.
Formerly, when I heard or read a prediction, I believed it. Nowadays I just roll my eyes, shake my head, and turn the page.
It’s important to remember that it’s possible to make predictions about the future that are entirely correct, as long as you’re not excessively specific. Anyone that makes money on the stock market or who runs a startup knows how to take risks and make predictions on a 2-5 year timeframe. If you have an above-average ability to predict the future, you can potentially use it to collect free money on the prediction markets. But most of the time, anything we predict is just a guess.
Life extension, risk prevention, human enhancement, etc., are worth pursuing for their own sake, no matter how long it takes, not to fulfill some rigid timeline or vision. Even incremental gains can be incredibly beneficial.
H/t to Mark Plus for bringing this to my attention.
(For those not in the know, the name of this post is a play on Regis’ other book, The Great Mambo Chicken and the Transhuman Condition.)

May 19th, 2008 at 8:14 pm
I can’t quite put my finger on exactly why it is, but Milgram *and* Asch keep coming to mind when I read - and think about - this post.
May 19th, 2008 at 8:29 pm
Warren, I think the interpretation is more mundane here. Both their experiments feature intense, close-quarters social pressuring situations, where this is just someone being naive about the certainty of futuristic predictions.
You like to cite psychologists frequently, and you point to some good things. But sometimes you can just interpret situations on their own terms, without the need to reference this or that academic paper…
May 19th, 2008 at 8:57 pm
Michael,
I agree that the impact of things like synthetic biology capable of producing highly virulent and infectious pathogens isn’t rigidly attached to a particular timetable or very near-term development, but you could have made the point without a snarky tone. This sounds like trying to “write someone out of the movement”:
It seems like Ed Regis in 1995 is the closest example I can find of a transhumanist that takes all predictions at face value and repeats them without thinking or questioning.
May 19th, 2008 at 10:49 pm
It’s true, he said, “when I heard or read a prediction, I believed it”, showing his viewpoint was overconfident all along. All the literature on the psychology of prediction demonstrates that humans are systematically overconfident, so we should actively counteract that by being realistic about our ability to predict the future. If he had seen that literature, he wouldn’t have made this obvious mistake…
Regis’ mistake should be illuminated so that all of us can avoid it. His present breakdown would have been unnecessary if he had realistic expectations all along.
I’m not trying to write anyone out of anything, I just think Ed Regis was overconfident in the 90s about what could be accomplished. He resembles the straw man that many construct to attack transhumanists.
May 20th, 2008 at 2:55 am
“It seems like Ed Regis in 1995 is the closest example I can find of a transhumanist that takes all predictions at face value and repeats them without thinking or questioning.”
Ray Kurzweil in 2008 is even more of a overconfident, overenthusiastic nutjob than Regis was in 1995. I look forward to seeing Ray’s 82-year-old face in 2030 (which would possibly glow green by then - from all those Flinstone chewables he takes) racked with sadness and anger at his grandiose techno-dreams not arriving by his projected date.
May 20th, 2008 at 5:16 am
People who “lost their faith” in MNT? Um….
May 20th, 2008 at 12:45 pm
You’re overly sensitive to the use of the word “faith”. Here it just means “confidence in”.
May 20th, 2008 at 5:52 pm
I’m 48, and I’d guess Regis is about 60 (Ray Kurzweil’s age). I’ve never met Regis, but I suspect he shares my disappointment at the lack of any real progress towards radical life extension in our remaining lives.
I do know Keith Henson, the transhumanist from Central Casting Regis profiles in his “Great Mambo Chicken” book. (I first met Keith when I arranged a speaking engagement for him at Washington University in St. Louis circa 1979, during our L-5 Society days.) In recent communications, Keith worries that our technologically progressive civilization will fail because of Peak Oil, including the failure of the ability to generate the liquid nitrogen needed to keep people in cryonic suspension. Some middle-aged transhumanists have gotten pessimistic lately because of valid reality-checking, something you 20-somethings won’t understand for another couple decades unless we start to see some real results in the things that matter, not just more transhumanist make-believe from computer games, movies based on comic books and science fiction.
May 20th, 2008 at 6:49 pm
“The eternal struggle takes time.” - Prof. Fate (Jack Lemmon, The Great Race)
People seem to forget an important point beyond any feasibility argument for MNT (as many people seem to current envision it). Forgive the analogy, but this is a field with a small number of monkeys in front of a small number of computers working on the editor’s copy of War and Peace. MNT research progresses and, in the past few years, efforts have been undertaken to begin to address all of the fundamental atomic physics issues related to mechanosynthesis (mechanical building with atoms and molecules) in anticipation of what we expect to be able to do in the laboratory at some point in the near future. That’s about a viscous a description of the state of “academic” MNT as I think I can write.
People that begin the discussion of MNT by saying “in X years, we can expect…” are assuming rather ideal conditions, (for my $0.02 worth) severely underestimate just how much there is to do in the field, AND severely overestimate the number of people working towards a molecular manufacturing end from the expectation-backwards (as opposed to the hypothesis-forwards) view of the research that seems so pervasive in transhumanist discussions. While I’d like to think that progress in other areas of nanoscience will help bolster MNT efforts, it’s going to require many more forward-thinking researchers. Which brings up another important point.
“It sucks. By any rational measure you may pick, its bad.”
Forgive the topic jump, but I think it’s more than relevant to people considering the future of MNT and science in general. The above quote is from a recent Chemical and Engineering News article (“Imperiled Nation,” May 12, 2008, pg. 32) and was made by Craig R. Barrett, chairman of the board of Intel, concerning the U.S. education system. I can say, from my own experience, that knowledgeable members of our government are extremely worried about how U.S. students already are not competitive in science and engineering and that problem seems to be only getting WORSE. I hope that students in other countries are becoming intellectually competitive in order that all of this wonderstuff comes to fruition in short order, because it won’t be doing itself anytime soon (even the woman in the Nanofactory animation had to plug that box in at some point) and the scientific workforce, already finite enough, will only get stretched thinner if people don’t step forward to help push all areas of research along.
“Keep the faith baby!” - Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
May 20th, 2008 at 8:42 pm
Mark, there are real results for things that matter every day. Try reading Eurekalert, PhysOrg, etc.
May 21st, 2008 at 11:37 am
Some of the discussions about alla this reveal a huge blindspot. There are other nations and individuals and conglomerates who are working on all of this besides those who are located in the West. From a nationalist-tribal pov, that can be uncomfortable to acknowledge or to think about.
On the other hand, when you think of IQ distributions, China has more geniuses and near geniuses than the US has people. India, the same. 70% of those geniuses are located in or near major metropolitan areas. i.e, they have a major ‘brain pool’ to draw from. Both nations lead the world in IT manufacturing and/or IT applications. Other nations that we wouldn’t normally think about in this context are also working on bleeding-edge technologies, particularly nanotechnologies. Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, South Africa, Scotland…the list includes every nation with a decent university or a viable military, which is most of them.
Like Michael said, real world results are being reported from around the world each and every day. For one man to try to keep up with all of it is literally impossible. To deny or ignore any of it is foolishness. (Conundrum. If ya can’t deny it, how do ya keep up with it if it’s impossible to keep up with. i.e. We’ve already entered the event horizon of the Singularity.)
…then, there’s crowdsourcing, with major corporations and conglomerates offering public ‘prizes’ for individuals to come up with solutions to the problems and research the companies are working on.
Real world MNT and/or nanofactories are just a matter of time. …and the first unit doesn’t have to be desktop- sized or work perfectly at the angstrom level. It just has to work.
The only real holdup I see is market mechanisms. Will such a product actually succeed in the marketplace? That’s a trickier question than it would seem.
May 21st, 2008 at 12:20 pm
In related technology, China’s acquisition of Hugo de Garis can only be a smokescreen — making us think the best they can do is import an ineffectual nutjob from the West — hiding their real AGI research from view!
May 21st, 2008 at 12:30 pm
Artificial intelligence is even older than MNT conceptually. Think of all the people who have become disillusioned with AI over the half century or more.
Think of most young transhumanists as cannon fodder for the rich. Let them enthusiastically do the grunt work and experiment on themselves, slowly becoming disillusioned over time. Then skim the results when they finally come in.
Every generation thinks it invented sex…and other things.
May 21st, 2008 at 1:47 pm
Ah. One of the other blind spots. Historical and societal context. What happens when you input new technologies into an economic, social or political system? History gives us some clues.
The funny thing is, those two semesters of history ya took to get yer degree? Well, they won’t tell ya much. (That kind of info generally isn’t fine-grained enough to offer any realistic insights.)
May 22nd, 2008 at 3:16 pm
Warren is right. We already have entered the, shall we say, “penumbra” of the event horizon of the Singularity (*qua* cognitive-epistemic circumstance in which techno-progress becomes faster that “the public” can fully keep-up-with).
As a 50yr old, though, I’m still pissed that I may have to be a corpsicle for a while!!