Pinker on Gladwell, with Cameos by Sailer and Madrigal Tuesday, Nov 17 2009
intelligence and IQ 6:20 am
In The New York Times, Steven Pinker takes the time to look at Malcolm Gladwell and his latest book of anecdotal curiosities coupled with feel-good populist platitudes. Gladwell is a poster boy for IQ denialism, which bores academics familiar with the mainstream science on intelligence, like Pinker. Here is an excerpt from the end of the review:
The common thread in Gladwell’s writing is a kind of populism, which seeks to undermine the ideals of talent, intelligence and analytical prowess in favor of luck, opportunity, experience and intuition. For an apolitical writer like Gladwell, this has the advantage of appealing both to the Horatio Alger right and to the egalitarian left. Unfortunately he wildly overstates his empirical case. It is simply not true that a quarterback’s rank in the draft is uncorrelated with his success in the pros, that cognitive skills don’t predict a teacher’s effectiveness, that intelligence scores are poorly related to job performance or (the major claim in “Outliers”) that above a minimum I.Q. of 120, higher intelligence does not bring greater intellectual achievements.
The reasoning in “Outliers,” which consists of cherry-picked anecdotes, post-hoc sophistry and false dichotomies, had me gnawing on my Kindle. Fortunately for “What the Dog Saw,” the essay format is a better showcase for Gladwell’s talents, because the constraints of length and editors yield a higher ratio of fact to fancy. Readers have much to learn from Gladwell the journalist and essayist. But when it comes to Gladwell the social scientist, they should watch out for those igon values.
Congratulations to Pinker, who put in the effort to stomach Gladwell and his igon values for long enough to write a review. Meanwhile, in another review, Janet Maslin is falling for him head over heels:
The essay’s general point was that we know more about early success than about the kind that comes late in life. Its more startling and original idea — and it is vital to Mr. Gladwell’s success that he can reliably produce at least one such lightning bolt per discussion — was that the success of the late bloomer, like Cézanne or Mr. Fountain, is dependent on the help of others, like Zola or Mr. Fountain’s wife, Sharon. The effect of “Late Bloomers” has been quantifiable, which is good, because Mr. Gladwell has a great penchant for quantifiable data.
Mr. Gladwell has a great penchant for cherry-picked anecdotes that entertain and fool non-scientific literary critics like Mrs. Maslin.
Here is Gladwell’s response on his website. Steve Sailer makes an appearance in the comments, where he definitively presents the data for there being a correlation between QB draft rank and pro performance, and Gladwell solves the problem by calling him a racist, misrepresenting Sailer’s views, and refusing to respond to the data Sailer presents. Good job, Gladwell.
I also just noticed that Alexis Madrigal, one of the authors of Wired Science, has inserted a vapid contribution to the comments section:
Pinker’s review was jocular, cruel and intended to embarrass instead of enlighten.
Part of it is: haters gon’ hate. People like your work, so you’ve become an easy-as-Al-Gore target for those who deem popularity itself a crime.
The other part is: you get famous and simple mistakes people regularly make become inexcusable. Not to be too nice — after all, lack of humanity is a key attribute for an intellectual — but I want to say, “You know, Malcolm Gladwell goes out and comes into work overtired sometimes, too.
Alexis, it’s disturbing that you side with a journalist/essayist over a scientist on the question of whether future performance can be predicted by past performance, or over whether interesting anecdotes are an appropriate substitute for double-blind scientific studies. It is absolutely true, as Pinker points out, that Gladwell “never zeroes in on the essence of a statistical problem and instead overinterprets some of its trappings”. Pinker also makes several coherent critiques about Gladwell’s beliefs about decision-making and its inherent tradeoffs, and it is quite ridiculous that Gladwell believes that an entire year of evaluation is necessary for determining whether someone is a good teacher. These are not small mistakes. Gladwell’s writing is meant to make everyone feel good about themselves by ignoring decades of scientific results that cognitive performance on arbitrary tasks is statistically predictive of performance on future tasks.
I love Alexis’ posts at Wired Science, but I am honestly shocked that he sides with Gladwell over Pinker. I guess that popularity and trendiness is just cooler to Madrigal than the truth shown by decades of intelligence research and articulated by 51 expert intelligence researchers. No amount of peer-reviewed research can best a fluff book that is written solely to make everyone and anyone feel good about themselves.




FYI, Bill Gates has a Jupiter Brain. A Giant, Magnum, Jupiter Brain. I didn’t notice that being mentioned in the book. Perhaps having a Jupiter Brain has, I don’t know, something to do with something. Who knows. These things probably haven’t been ever studied, why should they be because everyone knows we’re all equal and ultimately it all comes down to luck.
I can accept that we’re all absolutely equal as long as everyone keeps their equal hands off my achievements …and achieves their own oh-so-totally equal achievements.
Very nice post, Michael. I am constantly surprised that the NyTimes and other “high end” sources can be so, well… dumb about things.
I’m guessing that part of this is a strong resistance to anything approaching even simple statistical reasoning – but I really don’t know.
Pinker was trying to make some general points about Gladwell’s work (whether one agrees or not) by using examples like the “igon value”. This is fair.
I’m really sick of all these ad hominem attacks – why doesn’t Alexis Madrigal simply address the substance of the Pinker critique…
Also, Gladwell says that the “igon value” issue is just a simple spelling error. This is possible, but I strongly doubt this… I think Pinker is probably far more correct: it showed a fundamental lack of understanding of the issues… but is book editing this terrible in the modern world? I am honestly surprised that this was not caught by someone…
“I can accept that we’re all absolutely equal as long as everyone keeps their equal hands off my achievements …and achieves their own oh-so-totally equal achievements.”
Okay. Of course, if you’re actually so smart, you’ll realize that your income isn’t your achievement alone.
“Alexis, it’s disturbing that you side with a journalist/essayist over a scientist on the question of whether future performance can be predicted by past performance, or over whether interesting anecdotes are an appropriate substitute for double-blind scientific studies.”
First, you mischaracterize Gladwell. He doesn’t dispute that future performance can be predicted by past performance, but he argues that there are a subset of cases where we tend to overestimate that predictive value. For example: a high GPA in your Masters teaching program is not a very strong predictor of whether or not you’ll be a good teacher; your performance as a college quarterback is not a very strong predictor of how you’ll do in the NFL. The key is that the situations seem analogous, but aren’t. There are key difference in the rules of college and professional football that require different skill sets. Similarly, earning and high GPA and teaching effectively require different skill sets.
Second, I have no clue what “double-blind scientific studies” you’re talking about. Sailer doesn’t cite any. Neither does Pinker. Please, enlighten.
Derek, thank you for the explanation. Here’s more on Gladwell from John Horgan.
One good review of studies follows. Much of the writing on intelligence involves analyzing the results of intelligence tests performed on large groups of people, such as the National Adult Literacy Survey, the Estonian National Intelligence Test, and many others.
Gottfredson, L. S. (1997). Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life. Intelligence, 24(1), 79-132.
Here is the journal Intelligence. You can read abstracts for free in the preview section. The “mainstream science on intelligence” statement included a couple dozen claims, and it takes hundreds of papers to provide the detailed studies that support each of those claims. Over the years, I’ve found myself that when you add together the results, you get the picture that is described in that article to the Wall Street Journal. If a paper could convincingly refute one or more of those points with empirical evidence, mainstream intelligence researchers would be forced to change their positions. I’m sure that they would welcome any such papers, but I rarely see any.
Good review here:
“In other words, the Igon Value Problem is one of dilettantism. Now, this is clearly a constant concern for any science writer, who has the unenviable task of rendering extremely complex and frequently quite technical information down to something that is simultaneously accurate, understandable, and interesting. However, when the bread and butter of one’s work involves criticizing scientific orthodoxy, it seems like one needs to be extremely vigilant to get the scientific orthodoxy right.”
http://monkeysuncle.stanford.edu/?p=541
the Kindle is too darn expensive. Otherwise i would get one.