The question is, can I talk about the inspiration for the user interface on the combat robot?

Yes, on the combat robot, we started out with engineers designing it, very expensive, joysticks with force reflecting, we put it out in the field, the kids out in the field, the 19 year old started doing *bang* *bang* *bang* pulse width modulation with their hands, umm, we changed it then to a game controller and now the 19 year olds in Iraq pick it up, zero training, know what to do.

Great.

[question about flat worms, etc]
[different question about humans merging with ai, losing emotions, etc]
[question about research funding]

The question is, I used to talk about insect level intelligence, what’s my attitude to that.. well, I’ve got 3 million robots out in people’s homes with insect level intelligence. It’s a real commercial success. But it doesn’t mean we should stick with just that. Some of the principles from that we’ve been using in these humanoid robots and I was trying to explore a different set of space, but really, I tend to think that, humans are just bit insects. [laughter] Ha ha, we’re not as smart as we like to think we are. I still believe that, at its core.

The question, is about [soldiers] becoming emotionally attached to the robots and has that caused us to rethink at all. No, we haven’t done that in the military space, but in the home space we’ve seen people getting attached.. there’s a whole set of third party industry making clothes for roombas, there are skins for roombas that you can get, there’s some web sites, so I think those, ya know, we’ll have Facebook for robots [laughter] I mean, there really is part of this attachment that’s an interesting phenomena going on there. Sherry Turpils looked at it with Furbies a lot. There’s a lot of projection onto these devices which they don’t really deserve from a rational point of view. But we’re not rational beings.

The question is, there have been reports of packbots being equipped with machine guns and what do you do worrying about friendly fire. Actually, that’s not true, none of the packbots have had a machinegun, the Talon from Foster Miller has had a weapon on it,
all with safety circuit and a human in the loop. I think it is an interesting question, when (if ever) do we want to allow robots to have independent targeting authority. I think now is the time to act. There’s a bunch of ethics conferences coming up in the next year. I think its time to put this into the Geneva Conventions – some governments do go along with the Geneva Conventions – and [laughter] I think its time to think about that. Absolutely.

[Audience member asks a follow-up:] You said “some governments” follow the Geneva Conventions, but apparently not that you’ve done some work for. Is it a good idea for you to be developing AI and robotics for the US government? and, umm, in my mind, that could lead to some of the worst nightmare scenarios and I’m wondering how, ya know, what your thoughts are on mitigating against…

Yeah, I think that, in a sense is nothing to do with AI, that’s been a question which has faced scientists in the past since the time of Da vinci, who was completely funded by military, doing military work for his patrons. So that’s an issue that scientists have had to deal with for hundreds of years. Independently, of AI. And I think it is a big responsibility of scientists to worry about controls of how things are used and I think, actually, the Geneva Conventions have been a good way of doing it. We’ve seen very little biological weaponry, appear, because it is banned by the Geneva Conventions, so it has been successful but there are perturbations, governments do change, governments can change, people can change the governments and I think there’s going to be an on-going question, for a long time. But I don’t think its AI specific.

Ok, I think I’m finished.