Intelligence
Intelligence, to some people, is measured by IQ. G-Factor, not Intelligence, is actually closer to what IQ measures.
Ben Goertzel has defined intelligence as "the ability to achieve complex goals in complex environments."
Another definition that Gordon Worley offers is "the ability to decide on deciable problems". This definition is very broad and assigns intelligence to even simple systems that can make decisions. Of course, this doesn't mean that they are very generally intelligent. For example, a Web browser is very intelligent about how to render HTML. It is not very intelligent about how to pick a mate (to the best of my knowledge, there are no Web browsers that reproduce autonomously). This definition also leaves out goals, something limited to systems with psychological components.
GeneralIntelligence is another tricky subject. Just what is GeneralIntelligence, who has it, and how can we create it?
Breaking with most of AI's history, a number of projects explicitly address the goal of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). See the Artificial General Intelligence Resources.
Some of these designs include or anticipate the ability to self-modify, that is, have the AGI rewrite its own code (also known as Seed AI). Conceivably, iterative self-improvement could rapidly lead to the Singularity.
